Hospitalization and Supportive Care
Upon diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, hospitalization is usually necessary. During the hospital stay, the patient will receive supportive care, including adequate hydration, pain management, and close monitoring of vital signs. In severe cases, intensive care may be required, and the patient may need assistance with breathing through mechanical ventilation. Isolation precautions may also be implemented to prevent the spread of the infection to others.
Antibiotic Therapy
Prompt administration of antibiotics is essential in treating bacterial meningitis. The choice of antibiotics depends on the suspected or identified bacteria causing the infection. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly prescribed initially to cover a wide range of potential bacteria. Once the specific bacteria are identified, targeted antibiotics may be used for a more precise treatment approach. The duration of antibiotic therapy typically ranges from 7 to 21 days, depending on the severity of the infection and the response to treatment.
Corticosteroids
In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed along with antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, which can decrease the risk of complications. The use of corticosteroids is typically considered in cases of severe bacterial meningitis or when there is evidence of increased intracranial pressure.
Follow-up Care
After the initial treatment, follow-up care is important to monitor the patient's recovery and prevent any potential complications. Regular check-ups with healthcare professionals, including neurologists, may be necessary. Additional tests, such as imaging studies or lumbar punctures, may be performed to assess the progress of healing and detect any residual effects of the infection. Vaccination against common causes of bacterial meningitis, such as Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, is recommended to prevent future episodes.