What is viral meningitis?
Viral meningitis is a viral infection that affects the protective membranes, called meninges, around the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses, but other viruses such as herpes simplex virus, HIV, and mumps virus can also lead to viral meningitis. The infection is typically spread through respiratory droplets or fecal-oral transmission.
Can adults get viral meningitis?
While viral meningitis is more common in children, adults can also be affected by the infection. Adults with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing organ transplantation, are at a higher risk of developing viral meningitis. Similarly, individuals who have close contact with someone infected with viral meningitis are also at an increased risk.
Symptoms of viral meningitis in adults
The symptoms of viral meningitis in adults can vary, but common signs include severe headache, fever, neck stiffness, sensitivity to light, nausea, and vomiting. Some individuals may also experience a rash, muscle pain, joint pain, and fatigue. If you have any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention as viral meningitis can be serious and require treatment.
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosing viral meningitis in adults involves a physical examination, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, and laboratory tests to identify the specific virus causing the infection. Treatment for viral meningitis is usually supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and providing comfort. Antiviral medications may be prescribed in some cases, depending on the underlying virus. It is important to rest, stay hydrated, and take over-the-counter pain relievers (under a doctor's guidance) to alleviate symptoms. Severe cases may require hospitalization for close monitoring and intravenous fluids.
Prevention of viral meningitis
Preventing viral meningitis involves practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick. Vaccines are available for some types of viral meningitis, including those caused by meningococcal bacteria and mumps virus. It is important to stay up to date with vaccinations and seek medical advice if traveling to areas with a higher risk of viral meningitis outbreaks.