Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
NSAIDs are commonly used to reduce pain, inflammation, and swelling in arthritis joint pain. These medications work by blocking the enzyme responsible for producing prostaglandins, which are chemicals that cause pain and inflammation. Common NSAIDs include ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin. Side effects of NSAIDs may include stomach irritation, ulcers, and kidney problems. It is important to take NSAIDs with food to reduce the risk of stomach irritation.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory medications that help reduce inflammation and pain in arthritis joint pain. These medications can be injected into the joint or taken orally. Common corticosteroids include prednisone and cortisone. Side effects of corticosteroids may include weight gain, high blood pressure, and increased risk of infections. Long-term use can also lead to bone loss and adrenal gland suppression.
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
DMARDs are a group of medications used to treat autoimmune forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis. These medications work by modifying the underlying disease process rather than just treating the symptoms. Common DMARDs include methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine. Side effects of DMARDs may include liver damage, lung problems, and increased risk of infections. Regular monitoring is necessary while on DMARD therapy.
Biologics
Biologics are a newer class of medications that target specific molecules in the immune system involved in the inflammatory process of arthritis. These medications are usually administered by injection or infusion. Common biologics include TNF inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and JAK inhibitors. Side effects of biologics may include increased risk of infections, injection site reactions, and infusion reactions. Regular monitoring is required while on biologic therapy.
Pain Relievers
Pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) can help alleviate mild to moderate arthritis joint pain. Acetaminophen works by reducing the perception of pain in the brain and does not have anti-inflammatory properties. However, long-term use of acetaminophen in high doses can lead to liver damage. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult a healthcare provider before taking acetaminophen regularly.
Topical Medications
Topical medications such as creams, gels, or patches can provide localized relief for arthritis joint pain. Ingredients in topical medications may include NSAIDs, capsaicin, or lidocaine. Topical medications are applied directly to the skin over the affected joint and can help reduce pain and inflammation without affecting the rest of the body.