1. Metformin
Metformin is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for type 2 diabetes. It works by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and improving the body's response to insulin. Metformin is usually taken orally and is often the first medication prescribed for people with type 2 diabetes. It is generally well-tolerated and has few side effects.
2. Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas are a class of oral medications that stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin. They help lower blood sugar levels by increasing insulin production and improving insulin sensitivity. Commonly prescribed sulfonylureas include glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride. These medications are usually taken once or twice daily before meals. Possible side effects include low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia), weight gain, and allergic reactions.
3. DPP-4 Inhibitors
DPP-4 inhibitors are oral medications that help lower blood sugar levels by increasing the amount of insulin released by the pancreas and reducing the production of glucose by the liver. Commonly prescribed DPP-4 inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin. These medications are usually taken once daily, with or without food. Possible side effects include upper respiratory tract infections, headache, and stomach upset.
4. Insulin
Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. For people with type 1 diabetes and some people with type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy is necessary to control blood sugar levels. There are different types of insulin available, including rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulin. Insulin is usually injected under the skin, and the dose and timing may vary depending on individual needs. Possible side effects include low blood sugar levels, weight gain, and injection site reactions.