Medical History and Physical Examination
The process of diagnosing Crohn's disease starts with a thorough medical history and physical examination. During the medical history, the doctor will ask about symptoms, family history of inflammatory bowel disease, and any previous medical conditions or surgeries related to the digestive system. The physical examination may involve checking for any signs of inflammation in the abdomen, such as tenderness or swelling.
Blood Tests
Blood tests are commonly used in the diagnostic process for Crohn's disease. These tests can help identify signs of inflammation or infection in the body. Specific blood tests may include a complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and liver function tests.
Stool Sample Analysis
Analyzing a stool sample can provide valuable information about the presence of infection or inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The sample is examined for the presence of blood, white blood cells, and certain microscopic organisms. Stool sample analysis can help differentiate between Crohn's disease and other conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Endoscopy and Colonoscopy
Endoscopy and colonoscopy are invasive procedures that allow direct visualization of the digestive tract. During an endoscopy, a flexible tube with a light and camera on the end (endoscope) is inserted through the mouth or anus to examine the upper or lower part of the digestive tract, respectively. A colonoscopy involves the insertion of a long, flexible tube (colonoscope) through the rectum to examine the colon and the end part of the small intestine. These procedures can help detect any abnormalities, such as inflammation, ulcers, or narrowing of the intestinal walls.