1. Metformin
Metformin is often the first-line medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It works by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and improving insulin sensitivity. Metformin is taken orally and is generally well-tolerated, with minimal side effects. It is commonly used as monotherapy or in combination with other diabetes medications.
2. Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas are a class of medications that stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin. They are often prescribed for people with type 2 diabetes who cannot control their blood sugar levels with diet and exercise alone. Commonly prescribed sulfonylureas include glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride. Although effective, sulfonylureas can cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and weight gain.
3. DPP-4 Inhibitors
DPP-4 inhibitors work by increasing the activity of incretin hormones, which stimulate insulin release and reduce glucose production. They are commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, either as monotherapy or in combination with other medications. Examples of DPP-4 inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin. These medications are generally well-tolerated and have a low risk of hypoglycemia.
4. Insulin
Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. People with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy because their bodies do not produce insulin. Some people with type 2 diabetes may also require insulin if oral medications and lifestyle changes are not sufficient to control their blood sugar levels. Insulin is administered via injections or an insulin pump, and the dosage is tailored to each individual's needs.