Psoriasis Flare-ups
One of the primary effects of psoriatic arthritis on the skin is the occurrence of psoriasis flare-ups. These flare-ups can cause severe itching, redness, and scaling of the skin. The patches of affected skin may become thick, raised, and painful. Psoriasis flare-ups may occur on various parts of the body, including the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back.
Nail Changes
Psoriatic arthritis can also lead to changes in the nails. Affected nails may become pitted, ridged, or yellowish in color. They may also separate from the nail bed, a condition known as onycholysis. In some cases, nails may become thickened and crumbly. These nail changes can cause discomfort and may affect the overall appearance of the nails.
Skin Dryness and Cracking
Another effect of psoriatic arthritis on the skin is increased dryness and cracking. The skin may feel rough, tight, and excessively dry. Cracks may develop, especially in areas of thickened skin or on the palms and soles of the feet. These cracks can be painful and may lead to bleeding or infection if not properly managed. Moisturizing the skin regularly and avoiding harsh soaps can help alleviate these symptoms.
Eye and Mouth Involvement
In some cases of psoriatic arthritis, the disease can also affect the eyes and mouth. Conjunctivitis, inflammation of the outermost layer of the eye, can cause redness, itching, and a gritty sensation in the eyes. Dryness and inflammation of the mouth, known as oral mucositis, can lead to discomfort and difficulty in swallowing or speaking. Regular eye exams and good oral hygiene are essential for managing these symptoms.