Medications
Systemic medications, such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and acitretin, may be prescribed for severe cases of plaque psoriasis. Biologics, which are newer medications that target specific parts of the immune system, can also be effective in treating plaque psoriasis. Topical corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation and itching associated with plaque psoriasis. Retinoids, such as tazarotene, can help in slowing down the growth of skin cells and reducing inflammation. Calcineurin inhibitors, like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, may be used for sensitive areas of the skin, such as the face and genitals.
Topical Treatments
Emollients and moisturizers can help soothe dry skin and reduce itching caused by plaque psoriasis. Salicylic acid can be used to remove scales and promote the penetration of other medications into the skin. Coal tar preparations can help in reducing inflammation and slowing down the rapid growth of skin cells. Anthralin is another topical treatment that can help normalize DNA activity in skin cells and reduce inflammation.
Phototherapy
UVB phototherapy involves exposing the affected skin to ultraviolet B light to help reduce inflammation and slow down the growth of skin cells. PUVA therapy combines the use of psoralen and ultraviolet A light to treat plaque psoriasis by suppressing the overactive immune system. Excimer laser therapy delivers targeted UVB light to the affected areas of the skin, allowing for precise treatment and minimal exposure to healthy skin.
Lifestyle Changes
Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help support overall health and potentially improve symptoms of plaque psoriasis. Regular exercise can help reduce stress, improve circulation, and promote overall well-being. Avoiding triggers, such as alcohol, smoking, and certain medications, that can worsen plaque psoriasis symptoms is essential.