Introduction to AIDS and HIV
AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is a serious and life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks the body's immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial for fighting off infections and diseases. Without treatment, HIV can lead to the progression of AIDS, where the immune system is severely weakened, making the individual susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
Antiretroviral Medications
Antiretroviral medications are the cornerstone of HIV/AIDS treatment. These medications work by inhibiting the replication of the virus at different stages of its life cycle. There are several classes of antiretroviral drugs, including nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase strand transfer inhibitors, and entry/fusion inhibitors.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, or PrEP, is a medication regimen taken by HIV-negative individuals to prevent HIV infection. The most common PrEP medication is a combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine. PrEP is highly effective when taken consistently and as prescribed, significantly reducing the risk of HIV transmission.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, or PEP, involves taking antiretroviral medications after potential exposure to HIV to prevent infection. PEP should be initiated as soon as possible, ideally within 72 hours of exposure, and continued for a month. PEP is recommended in emergency situations such as unprotected sexual exposure, needlestick injuries, or sexual assault.