Controller Medications
Controller medications are the mainstay of treatment for severe eosinophilic asthma. These medications are taken on a regular basis to help control the underlying inflammation in the airways. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are often prescribed to reduce inflammation in the airways. They can be taken in the form of pills, inhalers, or injections. Biologics: Biologic medications, such as mepolizumab and reslizumab, specifically target the production of eosinophils. They are given by injection and help to reduce the number of eosinophils in the airways. Leukotriene modifiers: Leukotriene modifiers, such as montelukast, help to reduce inflammation and relax the muscles in the airways. They are usually taken in the form of pills.
Reliever Medications
Reliever medications are used to provide immediate relief from asthma symptoms and are taken as needed. Short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs): SABAs, such as albuterol, are bronchodilators that help to relax the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. They are usually taken using inhalers. Anticholinergic agents: Anticholinergics, such as ipratropium bromide, help to relax the muscles in the airways and can be used as a reliever medication in combination with SABAs. Systemic corticosteroids: In severe cases of asthma exacerbation, systemic corticosteroids may be prescribed for short-term use to quickly reduce inflammation and improve symptoms.
Other Medications
In addition to controller and reliever medications, there are other medications that may be used in the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. Immunomodulators: Immunomodulators, such as omalizumab, can help to modify the immune response and reduce inflammation in the airways. Bronchial thermoplasty: Bronchial thermoplasty is a procedure in which the airway muscles are heated to reduce their ability to constrict, leading to improved airflow. Antifungal medications: In some cases, severe eosinophilic asthma may be associated with fungal infections. Antifungal medications may be prescribed to treat these infections and reduce inflammation in the airways.