Inhaled Corticosteroids
Inhaled corticosteroids, also known as steroid inhalers, are the mainstay of treatment for eosinophilic asthma. These medications work by reducing inflammation in the airways, suppressing the activity of eosinophils, and preventing asthma symptoms. They are typically prescribed on a daily basis to keep the airways in control and prevent exacerbations. Inhaled corticosteroids are considered safe and effective when used as directed, but they may cause side effects such as throat irritation or thrush.
Biologic Medications
Biologic medications are a newer class of drugs specifically designed to target eosinophils and the proteins that contribute to eosinophilic inflammation. They are usually administered through injections or infusions and are reserved for severe cases of eosinophilic asthma that are not well-controlled with inhaled steroids. These medications can help reduce the frequency and severity of asthma exacerbations, improve lung function, and enhance overall quality of life. Common biologic medications used in the treatment of eosinophilic asthma include omalizumab, mepolizumab, and benralizumab.
Bronchial Thermoplasty
Bronchial thermoplasty is a non-pharmacological treatment option for severe eosinophilic asthma. During this procedure, a bronchoscope is used to deliver controlled thermal energy to the airway walls, reducing the smooth muscle present in the bronchial tubes. By reducing the amount of smooth muscle, bronchial thermoplasty helps to alleviate asthma symptoms and improve lung function. It is typically performed in three separate sessions, each targeting a different section of the lungs. Bronchial thermoplasty has been shown to provide long-term benefits and is generally reserved for patients who do not respond well to other treatments.
Avoiding Triggers
Another crucial aspect of managing eosinophilic asthma is identifying and avoiding triggers that can worsen symptoms and induce asthma exacerbations. Common triggers for eosinophilic asthma include allergens (such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander), air pollution, respiratory infections, and certain medications. By minimizing exposure to these triggers, individuals with eosinophilic asthma can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of asthma symptoms. It is essential to work with a healthcare professional to develop an individualized trigger avoidance plan.