What are the stages in the progression of HIV infection?

HIV infection progresses through various stages, each with distinct characteristics and effects on the immune system. Understanding these stages is crucial for effective management and treatment of HIV.

What are the stages in the progression of HIV infection?

Acute HIV Infection

Acute HIV infection occurs within 2 to 4 weeks after exposure to the virus. During this stage, the virus multiplies rapidly in the body and the immune system responds by producing antibodies. Symptoms of acute HIV infection can resemble flu or mononucleosis, including fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, rash, muscle and joint aches, and more. It is during this stage that the virus is highly transmissible.

Chronic HIV Infection

Chronic HIV infection is also known as clinical latency or asymptomatic HIV infection. During this stage, the virus is still active but reproduces at very low levels. Most people do not experience any symptoms during this stage, but the virus continues to damage the immune system. Without treatment, this stage can last for 10 years or more before progressing to AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely damaged immune system. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their CD4 T-cell count drops below a certain level or when they develop certain opportunistic infections. Without treatment, AIDS is fatal, as the body becomes vulnerable to infections and cancers that a healthy immune system can usually control. People with AIDS require ongoing medical care and treatment to manage the condition and prevent complications.

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