Aminosalicylates
Aminosalicylates are a group of anti-inflammatory medications commonly used to treat mild to moderate cases of Ulcerative Colitis. They work by reducing inflammation in the colon and rectum. Examples of aminosalicylates include mesalamine, sulfasalazine, olsalazine, and balsalazide. These drugs are available in various forms such as oral tablets, capsules, enemas, and suppositories. Aminosalicylates are often used as the first-line treatment for UC and are generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs that are used to treat moderate to severe flare-ups of Ulcerative Colitis. These medications help reduce inflammation in the colon and quickly relieve symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. Common corticosteroids prescribed for UC include prednisone, prednisolone, and budesonide. Corticosteroids are usually used for short periods due to their potential side effects, including weight gain, increased risk of infections, and bone density loss.
Immunomodulators
Immunomodulators are medications that suppress the body's immune response and are used to treat moderate to severe Ulcerative Colitis that does not respond to other treatments. These drugs help reduce inflammation by targeting the immune system and preventing it from attacking the colon. Common immunomodulators for UC include azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and methotrexate. Immunomodulators may take several weeks to months to show their full effect and are often used in combination with other medications.
Biologics
Biologic therapies are a newer class of medications used to treat moderate to severe Ulcerative Colitis that has not responded to other treatments. These drugs target specific proteins in the body's immune system that contribute to inflammation in the gut. Biologics are usually administered through injections or infusions and may include medications like infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab. Biologics have shown promising results in controlling symptoms and inducing remission in patients with UC.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are sometimes prescribed for Ulcerative Colitis to treat infections that may worsen symptoms or to address complications such as bacterial overgrowth in the colon. These medications are not used as primary treatment for UC but may be recommended in specific cases. Common antibiotics used in UC include metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and rifaximin. Antibiotics should be used judiciously and under the guidance of a healthcare provider to avoid antibiotic resistance.